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Case 1 (Slide HH120)
This is a 7 years old boy.
Complaints of fever 2 weeks, neck swelling and loss of appetite.
Examination : Cervical lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly
FBP : HB 5.5 Plataelet 16,00 TWC 42.500
PBF (X100): Several blasts seen. Blasts are small with high N/C ratio, condensed chromatin and indistinct nucleolli -> lymphoblasts.
Diagnosis : Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

Case 2 (Slide BL1108)
This is a 46 years old man.
No complaints. Came for general health check.
FBP : Hb 14.2 TRCC 6.7 PCV 48 MCV 71 MCH 21 MCHC 31
Platelet 306,000 TWC 6400
PBF (X100) : Uniformly hypochromic and microcytic cells with a fair number of target cells.
Hb Electrophoresis : Raised Hb A2 (4.2%)
Diagnosis : beta-thalassemia trait.

Case 3 (Slide BX648)
This is a 7 years old girl.
Complaints : Cough, fever, running nose for 2 days.
Examination : Unremarkable.
FBP : Hb 13.2 TRCC 5.2 PCV 39 MCV 74 MCH 23 MCHC 33
Plataelet 332,00 TWC 7600
PBF (X100) : Red cells shows ovalocytosis, hypochromia and microcytosis. Several stomatocytes and target cells also noted.
Hb Electrophoresis : Raised Hb A2 (28.4%)
Diagnosis : Hereditary ovalostomatocytosis and HbE trait.

Case 4 (Slide BX221)
This is a 28 years old lady.
Complaints : Joint pains at fingers.
Examination : No abnormalities detected.
FBP : HB 12.7 MCV 85 MCH 30 MCHC 32
Plataelet 110,000 WBC 3200
PBF (X40) : Several fibrin clumps/strands with trapped platelets and white cells.
Diagnosis : This is a partially-clotted sample which may have caused a falsely low platelet and WBC counts. Will need to repeat with a fresh, properly-collected sample.

Case 5 (Slide 3400/98)
This is a 8 years old boy.
Complaints : Earache for 2 days.
Examination : Otitis externa.
FBP : Hb 11.3 TRCC 5.7 PCV 36 MCV 63 MCH 20 MCHC 31
Platealet 376,000 TWC 12600
PBF (X100) : Hypochromic microcytic red cells with target cells. Neutrophils are BILOBED.
Diagnosis : Pelger-Huet anamaly and thalassaemia trait. (This patient's father has the same features in the PBF i.e. Pelger-Huet cells and hypochromic microcytic red cells.)

Case 6
PBF (X100) : Primitive blast cells in PBF. Most have multiple prominent nucleoli.
Diagnosis : Acute myeloid leukaemia.

Case 7
Slide: RBC rosette
59/Female
History : No previous medical history. Came for health screening.
Hb:9.3 gm%. Cold Agglutinin Test : Negative. Total Bilirubin:2.0 gm/dl


Haematologist comment : Rbc rosettes are rare but may occur in healthy people especially if they are of blood group A or B. Some of the other causes are various infections like malaria, Borrelia or leptospirosis and in antibody mediated hemolysis. In this case, acquired hemolytic anaemia needs to be considered as the Hb is low and the bilirubin is raised. Further tests to determine the presence of hemolysis may include conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin levels, reticulocyte counts, urine hemoglobin, serum haptoglobin levels and antiglobulin test.

 

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